The first symptoms of diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a progressive and disabled disease, the spread of which seriously alarms doctors around the world.

This pathology can be attributed to the so -called civilization diseases, because its main reason lies in the style of the wrong life that modern people adhere to.

Timely diagnosis of diabetes gives the patient a chance to delay the onset of serious complications. But it is not always possible to know the first signs of diabetes. The fault of this is the lack of basic knowledge of this disease and the low level of patient detection for medical help.

Attention! Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease and still does not exist.

What is diabetes mellitus?

Diabetes mellitus is a group of chronic endocrine diseases, the main manifestations of which are the absolute or relative lack of insulin in the body and the increase in blood glucose. As a result of the disease, all metabolism is concerned: protein, lipids, carbohydrates, mineral metabolism. An acid-base balance is also observed.

According to statistics, 1 to 8% of people suffer from diabetes, but scientists suggest that the true number of patients is much higher. And that figure grows every year. The number of sick children's diabetes is also increasing.

Attention! Insulin is the only hormone that reduces blood glucose levels and promotes its absorption with cells.

Insulin is produced in pancreatic tissue by its beta cells. Violation of the formation of this hormone as a result of their damage or violation of its absorption by peripheral cells leads to the fact that diabetes begins.

Diabetes classification

Some types of diabetes are known:

Write the first called insulin dependent. With it, the main failure of the insulin hormone develops, leading to hyperglycemia. Most often, the cause of this pathology is autoimmune damage to the pancreas. The second type, previously called insulin dependent, but this definition is not accurate, as with progress of this type, replacement insulin therapy may be required. In this type of disease, insulin levels first remain normal or even exceeds the rate. However, the body's cells, first of all, adipocytes (fat cells), become insensitive to it, which leads to an increase in blood glucose levels.

Attention! The factors that provoke the onset of the disease are: severe stress, excessive physical activity, hormonal imbalance, transmitted diseases and other important changes in the body.

Distinguish also:

Gestational sugar of diabetes (in pregnant women). Diabetes as a manifestation of genetic or endocrine pathology. In this case, diabetes itself acts as a symptom of a disease.

Three degrees of severity of the course of the disease are distinguished:

light; medium; Heavy

Initial signs of diabetes mellitus type I

This type of disease most often affects young people and is considered genetically determined. It can already be manifested in early childhood.

The first signs of type I diabetes are considered:

There is a lot to increase appetite, there is a lot of need, but at the same time a person does not gain weight or lose weight without special physical exercises and diet. This is due to the energy failure in the cells, the cause of which the absorption of glucose is reduced. Inomation of night urination and an increase in daily diuresis, namely, expanded fluid consumption. Polyuria occurs with an increase in osmotic urine pressure due to increased glucose filtration in the urine. The sudden appearance of severe thirst, as a result of which a person drinks up to 5 liters per day. Poldipsia has several development mechanisms. The first is to recharge the water deficit due to polyuria, and the second is performed with osmoreceptors irritation in the hypothalamus. The emergence of acetonemia, whose signs are the smell of acetone from the mouth, urine gains the smell of rotting apples. Acetonemia occurs when you change the path of energy formation from carbohydrate to fat under conditions of glucose deficiency in the cell. At the same time, ketone bodies are formed, which affect toxic to the body. Symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting are associated with their impact. With the progress of a ketoacidic condition, the first symptom of initial illness is a diabetic coma. An increase in general weakness and increased fatigue due to damaged metabolism, hunger of body cell energy and accumulation of toxic metabolism. Violation of vision in the form of fuzziness and blurred objects, redness of the conjunctiva, and eye carving. Itching of the skin, forming small erosion on the skin and mucous membranes, which do not heal for a long time. Excessive hair loss.

The first type of diabetes mellitus is characterized in that it manifests significantly, suddenly and often only acute symptoms in the form of severe ketoacidosis up to a coma to restore this diagnosis.

Initial symptoms of type II diabetes

The second type of diabetes develops in people of more mature age, overweight or overweight. Their mechanism for developing pathology lies in the fact that fat cells are overloaded with fat and grow in size. As a result, the amount and quality of the receptors to insulin changes, which leads to insensitivity or hormone resistance. In such conditions, glucose is not absorbed.

In the early stages of second type diabetes, a compensating increase in insulin insulin synthesis arises from the pancreas, but as the disease progressed, this reserve is exhausted and the absolute insulin system develops.

One feature of this disease is that its symptoms at the initial stage of diabetes cannot notice a person for a long time. Most people explain the deterioration of their health according to age -related changes, excessive work and not starting with diabetes. Delayed appeal to the disease is also explained by slower progression and deleted symptoms than with type I.

Reference! Often type II diabetes is diagnosed by the accident when applying for another pathology or on a preventative examination.

Among the first symptoms of diabetes, the most common are below:

Poldipsia is manifested by the increase in the drinking regime up to 4-5 liters per day. Such severe thirst is most often in mature age patients. In old age, insensitivity to thirst is observed. Polyuria, especially the frequent demand for the act of urination, is observed at night. Improving body weight. Increased appetite especially for sweet foods. Increased weakness, drowsiness, fatigue. Itching of the skin, especially in the perineum and the genitals. Paresthesia and numbness in lower extremities and palms due to the development of diabetic neuropathy. Pain and fatigue in the foot when walking, a rare hair, a cold of the extremities due to loss of vessels. Furunulosis, skin and mucous membrane, infected non -long -term cracks, wounds, scratches. Other skin symptoms of the disease are: diabetic dermatopathy, bubbles, xanthomes, lipoid necrobiosis, neurodermatitis. All this is a consequence of impaired skin regeneration and reduced immune reactivity. Periodontal disease and recurrent stomatitis. Deterioration of vision as a result of the toxic effects of high blood glucose concentrations (retinopathy, cataract). As a rule, with the second type of diabetes, eye damage occurs much later than in the first. Frequent relapses of urinary tract infections, in particular, pyelonephritis, as a result of hyperglycemia and glucosuria.

Signs of the beginning of diabetes in children

Very often, diabetes mellitus type I is diagnosed when developing acute complications in a small patient - diabetic ketoacidosis or ketoacidic coma. Parents should pay attention to whether their child has frequent episodes of ketosis or so -called cyclical vomiting syndrome. This condition develops in many constitutional syndrome of children's acetone syndrome. Agga aggravated by acute viral respiratory infections, infectious diseases and can lead to dehydration due to vomiting. But this syndrome passes by itself as the baby grows.

If ketosis occurs under one year or lasts more than 7-9 years, the endocrinologist should be examined. However, experts advise under any manifestation of acetone to pass a blood test for glucose.

The first signs of pathology in children are:

Polyuria; polydipse; Sharp weight loss.

If these symptoms of diabetes cannot be recognized, a child can develop ketoacidosis with such characteristic symptoms:

abdominal pain; vomiting, nausea; dry skin; frequent breathing; dizziness; the smell of acetone in the extracted air, in the urine, vomiting; lethargy, drowsiness; Loss of consciousness.

Important! If the symptoms of ketoacidosis appear, you should urgently seek urgent medical help!

Starting diabetes sugar in men

In the genitals of men with this disease, there are also changes due to impaired intrigue (neuropathy) and blood supply to the reproductive organs. Such symptoms are characteristic:

reduced lust; unstable impaired lifting; Infertility due to a decrease in mobility and the number of applicable sperm forms.

It also often has itching in the genitals due to the irritating effect of sweat secretion with a high concentration of glucose.

Disorders for diabetes in women

A variety of signs of this disease are observed with damage to a woman's reproductive organs:

decreased sexual interest; Irregular menstruation; dryness and itching of the mucous membrane of the genitals, the candidacy of the vagina; not -pregnancy phantom; infertility.

In pregnant women, sometimes a special type of diabetes - gestational. Therefore, when observing a pregnant woman, the doctor should run the woman in time for a test of oral glucose tolerance and regularly monitor the general urine analysis to detect glucosuria.

What should you do when identifying the symptoms of diabetes?

It is best to contact an endocrinologist who will tell you which exams you should undergo to confirm the diagnosis. Laboratory exams include:

Blood test for glucose levels on an empty stomach: Oral test tolerance for glucose to detect money -antiabates; blood test for glycosilated hemoglobin; Urine analysis of glucosuria; Urine analysis for acetone.

Other laboratory and instrumental methods are used to identify the complications of the disease.

Thus, it is necessary to connect with a health condition in order to identify the first signs of diabetes in time.